What can cause an echo in wireless communication?

An echo in wireless communication typically occurs when reflected signals arrive at the receiver after some delay. This phenomenon can happen in environments where there are hard surfaces or obstacles that cause signals to bounce back, such as buildings, mountains, or even trees. When the original signal and its reflected version reach the receiver, they can interfere with each other, resulting in an echo effect that may disrupt communication quality.

In contrast, low network traffic does not inherently create echoes; it merely affects the overall load on the network. High bandwidth relates to the data transmission capacity and does not directly impact echo formation. Inadequate modulation can lead to other issues such as signal distortion or loss of information but is not a direct cause of echo. Hence, reflected signals arriving at the receiver is the primary cause of echo in wireless communication.