What does the term 'handoff' mean in mobile wireless networks?

The term 'handoff' in mobile wireless networks refers to the process of transferring an active call or data session from one cell to another as a user moves. This is crucial in mobile communication, as it ensures that the user maintains connectivity without interruption while transitioning between different cell coverage areas.

Handoffs can occur for various reasons, such as when a user walks out of the coverage range of one cell and into the coverage area of another. The network identifies the optimal cell for continuing the session and initiates the handoff to seamlessly maintain the call or data transmission. This process is vital for providing a consistent user experience, especially in scenarios involving voice calls and mobile internet usage where connectivity must be maintained despite changes in location.

The other options do not accurately describe the concept of handoff. Shifting data to cloud storage refers to data management rather than wireless communication. Changing encryption protocols during transmission involves security aspects but not the movement of connectivity between cells. Adjusting signal frequency relates to radio transmission techniques but does not encompass the handoff process itself. Each of these alternatives focuses on different functions within wireless networks, illustrating the distinct role that handoff plays in maintaining active communications.